Swollen legs can be caused by various underlying conditions, and the treatment for swollen legs depends on the specific cause. Its essential to identify and address the root cause to effectively manage leg swelling. Here are some common causes of swollen legs and their corresponding
treatment approaches.
Heart failure is a common cause of swollen legs specially in the elderly. Fluid accumulates in the lower extremities due to poor pump action of the heart.
Treatment involves managing the underlying heart condition with medications such as Diuretics (water pills) to reduce excess fluid in the body, and others to improve the pump action of the heart. Dietary changes, sodium restriction, and fluid management are also essential components of heart failure management.
In the instances where increased pressure in the veins of the lower limbs is a cause of leg swelling, procedures like vein ablation or surgical interventions may be necessary to treat varicose veins or venous ulcers.
In cases that the increased venous pressure is due to deep venous blockage, interventions such as angioplasty and stenting may be appropriate.
In patients in whom swelling is due to leaky or damaged valves in the deep veins (such as after Deep Vein Thrombosis), treatment with compression stockings may be the only effective option.
Kidney disease plays a significant role in leg swelling. In kidney failure the body can lose significant amounts of protein which leads to inability to retain water in blood stream and its accumulation in the tissues under the skin, leading to swollen legs. Liver diseases can also produce the swollen legs through the same mechanism.
The most effective treatment in these circumstances is to treat the underlying condition with help of the relevant specialist.
Lymphatic obstruction (Lymphedema), causes protein-rich fluid accumulation of lymph fluid under the skin leading to swollen legs.
Lymphedema management includes specialised lymphatic drainage massage techniques performed by a trained therapist.
Compression garments or bandages are often used to reduce swelling. Intermittent pneumatic compression boots may be of benefit in some cases. Skin care and hygiene are essential to prevent infections.
Inflammatory conditions such as Arthritis, or skin infection such as Cellulitis can cause localised leg swelling. Swollen legs due to infections require treatment with antibiotics or antifungal medications, depending on the underlying infection.
Elevating the affected leg and applying warm compresses may provide relief.
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